Steam turbine for naval propulsion



July 23, 1935. G. BELLUZZO STEAM TURBINE FOR NAVAL PROPULSION Filed Dec. 22, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet -l MMJ/ Ana-age;

July 23, 1935.. G. BELLUZZO STEAM TURBINE FOR NAVAL PROPULSION Filed Dec. 22, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 jaw Zr-assure av-bins fifermeddrze 296 Safe Patented July 23, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT, orrice Application December 22, 1933, Serial No. 703,613

- In Italy February 14, 1933 Claims. (oi. 6ll'7il) When screw shafts are driven by means of turbines and geared reducers it is important to limit the space occupied in plan by-the group by reducing the dimensions of the turbines within 5 possible limits. When on the contrary the question is of the same shaft driven by means of three or more turbines respectively of high, intermediate and low pressure then itis necessary to have in the first two turbines the same speed and the same length. i

Now when the cruising wheels besidesithose for full power are incorporated in the high pressure turbine, the problem can then not easily be solved, while it is simplified when the cruising wheels are distributed between the two turbines of high and intermediate pressure.

The object of the present invention is to distribute the cruising wheels of the turbine between the high pressure turbine and the intermediate pressure turbine in a construction in which action of certain of the turbine wheels may be cut out thereby increasing emciency at varying speeds.

Figures 1 and 2 are diagrammatic sectional views showing the assembled plant and different types of turbines that may be used therein.

The general arrangement will be best understood by reference to Figs. 1 and 2 in which the high pressure turbines are indicated by reference 30 letter M, the intermediate pressure turbines are indicated by reference letter N and the low pressure turbine is indicated by reference letter O.

The two turbines of high and intermediate pressure respectively control the pinions P1 and P2 engaging the tooth wheel R mountedon the screw-bearing axle the low pressure turbine controlling pinion P3 also engaging and controlling wheel R.

The high pressure turbine comprises two groups of wheels A and B, the latter group and the group C of the intermediate pressure turbine consisting of the two groups C and D forming what has been termed the cruisingwheels.

Casings about the high pressure turbines form chambers 2, 3 and i. Chamber 2 communicates with chambers 3 and 4 through valves V and W. Conduit T2 leads from chamber 6 to. 41 leading to group C of the intermediate turbine. Conduit T1 leads from chamber 3 to the group D of the intermediate pressure turbine.

Conduit T3 leads from the discharge chamber 5 of group D of the intermediate pressure turbine to the low pressure turbine O.

The high pressure turbine is thus connected with the intermediate pressure one by two pipingsof a difierent diameter; the one of a larger. diameter isthe main piping, uniting the capacity 3 of the two turbines and is run through by the steam for full power; the smaller piping uniting the two capacities 4 is on the contrary run through by. the cruising speed steam.

When valves V and Ware closed the group of turbines functions at the lowest speeds, the steam,when introduced in'l, after acting on group A of high pressure wheels runs in series through the group :of wheels B, is discharged in chamber 4, flows through the tube T2, then acts on the intermediate pressure turbine N by flowing successively through the groups of wheels C and D of this turbine N and is then discharged in chamber 5 from which through the tube Ts reaches and actions the low pressure turbine 0.

At full cruising speeds the valve W is open the valve V on the contrary is closed and then the steam flows through the group of wheels A ju ps over the group of wheels B of the high pressure turbine, because the valve V is closed, is discharged in chamber 5, which by means of tube T2 leads the steam to the intermediate pressure turbine, from which the steam flows in series through the groups C and D and is discharged in chamber 5, which by means of tube T3 is in communication with the low pressure turbine.

At full speeds the valve W of the high pressure turbine M is closed and on the contrary the valve V is open, the steam then after flowing through the group of wheels A of the high pressure turbine M is discharged from chamber 2 through the valve V into chamber ,3 and from this chamber, through tube T1 reaches the intermediate pressure turbine N1 flowing only through the group of wheels D being then discharged in 5 in order to flow by piping T3 to the low pressure turbine.

'By the arrangement disclosed it is possible to employ the necessary cruising wheels to obtain the best efiiciency, whatever may be the speed; and by conveniently distributing these wheels between the two turbines of high and intermediate pressure, the lengths of these turbines and consequently their supports may be kept equal, together with packings and other accessories, the reserve of change or spare pieces being reduced.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what mannerthe same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:

1. Driving apparatus for naval propulsion comprising a high pressure turbine composed of two groups of wheels, the second group being cruising wheels, an intermediate pressure turbine composed of two groups of wheels, the first group being cruising wheels, the cruising wheels being distributed between the two turbines of high and intermediate pressure, conduits leading from the exhaust of the said first group of said high pressure turbine and branching, one branch surrounding the cruising wheels of said high pressure turbine and leading to the second group of said intermediate turbine and one branch leading to the cruising wheels of said intermediate turbine and valves for each of said branches.

2. A driving apparatus for naval propulsion comprising a high pressure turbine composed of two groups of wheels, the second group being cruising wheels, an intermediate pressure turbine composed of two groups of wheels, the first group being cruising wheels and one or two low pressure turbines, a conduit connecting the intermediate pressure turbine to the lower pressure turbine, the cruising wheels being distributed .between the two turbines of high and intermediate pressure and conduits leading respectively from the exhaust of said first group of said high pressure turbine to the second-group of said intermediate pressure turbine and to the cruising wheels of said intermediate pressure turbine, the exhaust from said cruising wheels of said high pressure turbine opening into the said last named conduit and valve in said conduits.

3. .A driving apparatus for naval propulsion comprising a high pressure turbine composed of two groups of wheels, the second group being cruising wheels, an intermediate pressure turbine composed of two groups of wheels, the first group being cruising wheels and the cruising wheels being distributed between the two turbines of high and intermediate pressure, and means for conducting the exhaust of the first cruising wheels to the inlet of the second cruising wheels.

4. A driving apparatus for naval propulsion comprising a high pressure turbine composed of two groups of wheels, the second group being cruising wheels, an intermediate pressure turbine composed of two groups of wheels the first group being cruising wheels and the cruising wheels being distributed between the two turbines of high and intermediate pressure, means for conducting the exhaust of the first cruising wheels to the inlet of the second cruising wheels and means for by-passing the first cruising wheels.

'5. A driving apparatus for naval propulsion comprising a high pressure turbine composed of two groups of wheels, the second group being cruising wheels, an intermediate pressure Eturbine composed of one group of wheels the first group :being cruising wheels, and the cruising wheels :being distributed between the two turbines of high and intermediate pressure, means for conducting the exhaust of the first cruising wheels to the inlet of the :second cruising wheels and means for by-passing bothgroups oi cruising wheels.

'GIUSEPPE BELLUZZO. 

